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Born in Virginia in , Hawes attended Transylvania University and was a lawyer, legislator, and congressman. Hawes became the Confederate governor after his predecessor was killed at the Battle of Shiloh, fought in Tennessee in April After a parade through downtown Frankfort, the ceremony was held in the House of Representatives' chamber.

Several generals spoke, and Hawes said that he would protect slavery and destroy Federal tyranny in Kentucky. He added that "the state would be held by the Confederate army, cost what it might. Soon after, however, Union troops advanced on Frankfort, and the planned inaugural ball was cancelled as the Confederates fled.

Hawe's tenure in the capital was brief, and, after the Battle of Perryville, the Confederates left Kentucky. John Mosby, the Gray Ghost. National Archives Identifier View in National Archives Catalog. Since not everyone was yet in a surrendering mood, Halleck further advised that those who did not surrender would be treated as prisoners of war.

He ended the telegram with one exception, "the guerrilla chief Mosby will not be paroled. Mosby's response was delivered to Hancock on April Mosby was not ready to surrender his command but would meet to discuss terms of an armistice. After reading the letter, Hancock agreed to meet at noon on April 18; a cease-fire would begin immediately. That evening the War Department wired that Grant had authorized Hancock to accept the surrender of Mosby's command. In the days just after President Abraham Lincoln's assassination on April 14, there were heightened personal safety concerns for top officers.

Hancock sent Brig. George Chapman, a Union cavalry officer, in his place to confer with Mosby on the April Mosby was still not ready to surrender and requested a hour extension of the cease-fire. Chapman agreed and notified Mosby that the cease-fire would continue until noon on April The "Gray Ghost" chose to disband his unit rather than surrender en masse.

In his announcement read to his men on April 21, Mosby told them, "I disband your organization in preference to surrendering it to our enemies. I am no longer your commander. Most of Mosby's officers, and several hundred of his men, rode into Winchester to surrender themselves and sign paroles. Federals allowed them to keep their horses.

Hancock estimated that around rangers were paroled. Others followed suit and started turning themselves in at other towns in Virginia. Even more joined their colleagues and signed paroles in Washington and at military posts over the next several months. Mosby and his younger brother, William, went into hiding, near their father's home outside Lynchburg, Virginia, soon after learning of Johnston's surrender to Sherman in North Carolina.

In mid-June William received assurances from a local provost marshal in Lynchburg that his brother would be paroled if he turned himself in. John Mosby presented himself the next day only to be told the offer had been countermanded by Union authorities in Richmond. Several days passed before Grant himself interceded, and on June 16 Mosby was told his parole would be accepted.

The following day, Mosby turned himself in and signed the parole in Lynchburg. Mosby returned to the business of law shortly after the war. Mosby, like Lee prior to his surrender, was counting on Johnston to pull away from Sherman in North Carolina and join other Confederate forces.

But Johnston was being pursued by the forces commanded by Union Gen. William T. After Sherman's successful "March to the Sea," in which his army marched from Atlanta to Savannah, Georgia, in the fall and winter of , he steadily pushed Johnston's Confederate army further north through the Carolinas. Sherman marched through South Carolina, capturing the state capital, Columbia, in February. Sherman's forces clashed with Johnston's army at Averasboro on March 16 and again at Bentonville in a multiday battle that ended on March Johnston's Confederate army was reduced to around 30, following the battle of Bentonville.

This amounted to about half the size of Sherman's Union command. When Maj. John M. Schofield's Union force joined Sherman at Goldsboro several days later, the combined Union force reached approximately 80, men. Sherman was now on a rail line that connected him directly with Petersburg, Virginia. Sherman went to City Point, Virginia, where he met with Grant and Lincoln on March 27 and 28 to discuss the coming end of the war.

After the meetings ended, Sherman returned to his army to resume his pursuit of Johnston. As the two adversaries continued moving north, Johnston learned of the evacuation of Petersburg and Richmond and of Lee's surrender at Appomattox.

The plan for Lee and Johnston to join forces had collapsed. With Grant now free from fighting Lee in Virginia, the two Union forces—Grant's and Sherman's—could turn their combined attention toward Johnston and crush his lone Confederate army. Sherman's army started marching toward Raleigh on April 10 with Johnston's army retreating before it. Word reached Sherman of Lee's surrender on April 11, and he informed his troops the following day.

Those talks stopped several days later after Union forces entered Raleigh on April The following day Johnston sent a letter proposing a suspension of operations to allow civil authorities to make arrangements ending the war.

Sherman notified Grant and Stanton that "I will accept the same terms as Gen. Grant gave Gen. Lee, and be careful not to complicate any points of civil policy.

Johnston, who had received advice from both Governor Vance and Confederate President Davis regarding peace talks, reached out to Sherman to discuss terms of his surrender.

Sherman offered Johnston the same terms as those given Lee at Appomattox. Johnston suggested that they take it one step further and "arrange the terms for a permanent peace. Breckinridge accompanying Johnston. Sherman agreed to seven principal provisions. The agreement, however, went beyond military terms and the surrender of Johnston's army. The agreement applied to any read all Confederate armies still in existence. The troops would disband and return to their state capitals, where they were to deposit their arms and public property at the state arsenals.

The federal executive would recognize state governments, including their officers and legislatures. Where rival governments existed, the U.

Supreme Court would decide which one would be recognized. Federal courts would be reestablished in southern states, and the people would have their political rights and franchises guaranteed, including their rights of person and property. The war would cease, and a general amnesty would be provided. Sherman was convinced his signed agreement with Johnston would end the war.

In his cover letter awkwardly addressed to Grant or Halleck, Sherman argued that the agreement, "if approved by the President of the United States, will produce peace from the Potomac to the Rio Grande. In a follow-up letter to Halleck the same day, Sherman advised: "please give all orders necessary according to the views the Executive may take, and influence him, if possible, not to vary the terms at all, for I have considered everything.

Sherman had overplayed his hand. He did not realize that neither the President nor any high-ranking member of the federal government would ever agree to the terms outlined in his accord with Johnston. When the war began, bureaucrats and office-seekers flooded into the capital.

This chair served both political bodies. The departments of treasury, state, and war resided in offices on the surrounding streets, while the Confederate "White House"—home to President Jefferson Davis—was three blocks away. Although tobacco manufacturing and flour milling dominated Richmond's prewar economy, the Confederacy relied on Tredegar Iron Works and several other local firms to manufacture everything from heavy ordnance, locomotives, railroad track, and iron cladding for naval vessels to buttons and bullets.

The dangerous work of making ammunition for the army was typically performed by women and children. Accidents were frequent, and a March explosion killed thirty-one women and injured twenty-five. More than half of the victims were under sixteen—the youngest being only ten years old. At the Richmond Clothing Bureau, twenty-four professional tailors cut out the components for each Confederate uniform. Bundled together with thread and buttons, the various parts and pieces were distributed to thousands of local seamstresses, who assembled the garments in their homes.

Established in at the corner of 14th and Cary streets, the bureau employed twenty-four professional tailors who cut out the components for each Confederate uniform. Bundled together with thread and buttons, the various parts and pieces were distributed to thousands of local seamstresses who assembled the garments in their homes and were paid for each completed piece.